alpha-bromoacetophenone derivatives as neutral protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors: structure-Activity relationship

A series of alpha-haloacetophenone derivatives was tested for inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1 and PTP1B. The results show that the bromides are much more potent than the corresponding chlorides, whereas the phenyl ring is remarkably tolerant to modifications. Derivatization of the phenyl ring with a tripeptide Gly-Glu-Glu resulted in a potent, selective inhibitor against PTP1B.     

Improvement of industry-applied rifamycin B-producing strain,Amycolatopsis mediterranei,by rational screening

An industrially applied rifamycin B-producing strain, Amycolatopsis mediterranei XC 1-02, was used for further screening. A special mutation and screening procedure was adopted to select a strain, which can alleviate the inhibition caused by both aromatic amino acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid in the pathway of rifamycin B biosynthesis as well as enhance the production of propionate, one of the precursors of rifamycin B biosynthesis. By the above methods, a strain A. mediterranei XC 9-25 was obtained, and its rifamycin B productivity in shaking flask reaches 10 g/L, which is 2.38 times higher than that of the ancestral strain XC 1-02. The productivity of rifamycin B fed-batch fermentation in 60000 L fermentor with A. mediterranei XC 9-25 reached 19.11 g/L.     

Growth factors for sequential cellular de- and re-differentiation in tissue engineering

A model system for the in vitro generation of cartilaginous constructs was used to study a tissue engineering paradigm whereby sequentially applied growth factors promoted chondrocytes to first de-differentiate into a proliferative state and then re-differentiate and undergo chondrogenesis. Early cultivation in medium with supplemental TGF-β1/FGF-2 doubled cell fractions in 2-week constructs compared to unsupplemented controls. Subsequent culture with supplemental IGF-I yielded large 4-week constructs with high fractions of cartilaginous extracellular matrix (ECM) and high compressive moduli, whereas prolonged culture with supplemental FGF-2 yielded small 4-week constructs with low ECM fractions and moduli. Sequential supplementation with TGF-β1/FGF-2 and then IGF-I yielded 4-week constructs with type-specific mRNA expression and protein levels that were high for type II and negligible for type I collagen, in contrast to other growth factor regimens studied. The data demonstrate that structural, functional, and molecular properties of engineered cartilage can be modulated by sequential application of growth factors.     

Peptidyl aldehydes as reversible covalent inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatases

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are a large family of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolytic removal of the phosphoryl group from phosphotyrosyl (pY) proteins. PTP inhibitors provide potential treatment of human diseases/conditions such as diabetes and obesity as well as useful tools for studying the function of PTPs in signaling pathways. In this work, we have shown that certain aryl-substituted aldehydes act as reversible, slow-binding inhibitors of modest potency against PTP1B, SHP-1, and a dual-specificity phosphatase, VHR. Attachment of the tripeptide Gly-Glu-Glu to the para position of cinnamaldehyde resulted in an inhibitor (Cinn-GEE) of substantially increased potency against all three enzymes (e.g., K(I) = 5.4 microM against PTP1B). The mechanism of inhibition was investigated using Cinn-GEE specifically labeled with (13)C at the aldehyde carbon and (1)H-(13)C heteronuclear single-quantum coherence spectroscopy. While Cinn-GEE alone showed a single cross-peak at delta 9.64 ((1)H) and delta 201 ((13)C), the PTP1B/Cinn-GEE complex showed three distinct cross-peaks at delta 7.6-7.8 ((1)H) and 130-137 ((13)C). Mutation of the catalytic cysteine (Cys-215 in PTP1B) into alanine had no effect on the cross-peaks, whereas mutation of a conserved active-site arginine (Arg-221 in PTP1B) to alanine abolished all three cross-peaks. Similar experiments with Cinn-GEE that had been labeled with (13)C at the benzylic position revealed a change in the hybridization state (from sp(2) to sp(3)) for the benzylic carbon as a result of binding to PTP1B. These results rule out the possibility of a free aldehyde, aldehyde hydrate, or hemithioacetal as the enzyme-bound inhibitor form. Instead, the data are consistent with the formation of an enamine between the aldehyde group of the inhibitor and the guanidine group of Arg-221 in the PTP1B active site. These aldehydes may provide a general core structure that can be further developed into highly potent and specific PTP inhibitors.     

组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)突变体工程细胞株生物学特性分析

t-PA突变体工程细胞株FSGGI48形态与其亲代细胞CHO-dhfr相似呈多角形,类似上皮细胞。在MTX加压至5×10~(-6)mol/L时,少数细胞形态略变瘦长,但仍呈多角形,因此该工程细胞株形态正常。抗体中和抑制试验及纤维蛋白板80℃加热试验显示,FSGGI48细胞表达产物与st-PA的活性均能被抗t-PA抗体所抑制,而胰酶的活性则不被抑制,且二者在80℃加热的纤维蛋白板上均不产生溶解圈,胰酶则产生溶解圈,由此可知,该细胞株表达产物为特异的rt-PA产品。细胞无血清培养上清经FA-PA检测,亚克隆株表达水平为4000IU/10~6细胞/24h。分别测定冻存3个月后复苏和体外传代3个月以上细胞的表达水平,结果显示部分亚克隆细胞株表达水平下降,多数仍为3000-4000IU/10~6细胞/24h,说明细胞株稳定性好。裸鼠试验表明,该工程株活细胞、细胞DNA、纯化的细胞表达产物均无致瘤性。支原体检查结果为阴性。染色体分析显示,FSGGI48细胞与其亲代细胞(CHO-dhfr细胞)染色体数目相同均为20条,但均有不同程度不同类型的畸变。CHO-dhfr细胞畸变率为6%。该工程细胞的畸变率为15%-18%,在允许范围内。结果证明,t-PA突变体细胞株FSGGI48为性能优良的工程细胞株。     

THE EFFECTS OF PHOSPHITE ON PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSES OF ULVA LACTUCA (ULVALES,CHLOROPHYTA)1

Effects of phosphite (Phi) on phosphate (Pi) starvation responses were determined in Ulva lactuca L. by incubation in Pi‐limited (1 μM NaH₂PO₄) or Pi‐sufficient (100 μM NaH₂PO₄) seawater containing 0–3 mM Phi. Exposure to 1 μM NaH₂PO₄ decreased the growth rate and the content of free Pi and esterified‐P but increased the activities of extracellular alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.2.1) and intracellular acid phosphatase (ACP; EC 3.1.2.2); two ACP isozymes observed by activity staining on isoelectric focussing (IEF) gel were induced. The K_m value of Pi uptake rate was decreased by incubation with 1 μM NaH₂PO₄ and the decrease in K_m value was inhibited by 2 mM Phi, reflecting the operation of a high‐affinity Pi uptake system at low Pi concentrations. In the presence of Phi, the growth rate of Pi‐sufficient and Pi‐starved thalli decreased as Phi concentrations were increased from 0 to 2 mM. As Phi concentrations were increased from 0 to 2 mM, the free Pi contents in both Pi‐sufficient and Pi‐starved thalli decreased, but the esterified‐P contents in Pi‐starved thalli increased, whereas those in Pi‐sufficient thalli increased at 1 mM Phi and decreased at 2 mM Phi. Cell wall localized AP activity in both Pi‐sufficient and Pi‐starved thalli decreased as Phi concentrations were increased from 0 to 2 mM. Intracellular ACP activity in Pi‐starved thalli decreased as Phi concentrations were increased from 0 to 2 mM but was not affected in Pi‐sufficient thalli. The induction of ACP isozyme activity and high‐affinity Pi uptake system in Pi‐starved thalli was inhibited by Phi. The present investigation shows that Phi interrupts the sensing mechanisms of U. lactuca to Pi‐limiting conditions.     

Plants used medicinally by folk healers of the Lahu people from the autonomous county of Jinping Miao,Yao, and Dai in Southwest China

The Kucong, a branch of Lahu and an indigenous ethnic group living in Jinping County, Yunnan Province, China, have a very short history of settled village life (about 40 years). According to the data of ethnobotanical investigation, 118 species of medicinal plants belonging to 57 families and 98 genera used by Lahu healers have been inventoried. The characteristics of medicinal plants coming from a great number of families and genera relate to the traditional life-style of the Lahu. The more common the diseases are, the more abundant the related medicinal knowledge is. The most frequently used parts of medicinal plants are the leaf (35.22%) and root (32.08%). The disappearance of environments related to the traditional life-style of the Lahu threatens the existence of their traditional medicinal knowledge, similar to threats facing many other traditional medicines. Collection and inventory should be essential research fields in studies of traditional medicine.     

人胎盘c-fms胞外功能区基因片段的扩增

 人胎盘ｃ┐ｆｍｓ胞外功能区基因片段的扩增＊王昕蔡辉国陈佩珍吴克复郑德先（中国医学科学院,中国协和医科大学血液学研究所,天津３０００２０）Ａｍｐｌｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｃ┐ｆｍｓＥｘｔｒａｃｅｌｕｌａｒＤｏｍａｉｎｆｒｏｍＨｕｍａｎＰｌａｃｅｎｔａＷａ...     

重组抗体—尿激酶导向溶栓剂的基因构建及表达

为了获得高效、高特异性溶栓药物,应用基因工程技术,成功的表达了由人源化抗人活化血小板单抗和单链尿酶组成的抗体导向溶栓剂（ＳＺ５１Ｈｕ－ｓｃｕＰＡ）。通过基因重组ＰＣＲ方法将ｓｃｕＰＡ全长ｃＤＮＡ的Ｎ末端连接在ＳＺ５１重链恒区ＣＨ３末端,构建了含有目的蛋白融合基因的真核表达载体αｌｙｓ３０－ＳＺ５１ＶＨ／Ｈｕ－ｓｃｕＰＡ。采用脂转染法将表达载体导入分泌ＳＺ５１ＶＫ／Ｈｕ轻链的小鼠骨髓瘤细胞中,筛选出